System and methods for remote access to IMS databases

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided that allow client programs using IMS database access interfaces to access IMS database data available from IMS systems on remote logical partitions and remote zSeries mainframes rather than from a local IMS system. For example, a method may include intercepting an IMS request having a documented IMS request format from a client program executing on a source mainframe system. The method may also include selecting a destination mainframe system and sending a buffer including information from the request from the source mainframe system to the destination mainframe system and establishing, at the destination mainframe system, an IMS DRA connection with the IMS system from the request. The method may further include receiving a response from the IMS system, sending a buffer having information from the response from the destination mainframe system to the source mainframe system, and providing the information to the client program.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to the field of remote access tomainframe-based data. More particularly, but not by way of limitation,this disclosure refers to a system for accessing IMS® data from a remotemainframe.

BACKGROUND

International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) mainframes provideonline transaction processing subsystems, such as Information ManagementSystem (IMS®) and Customer Information Control System (CICS®) (IMS andCICS are registered trademarks of IBM), that enable high-speedtransaction processing of data stored in file structures. Eachprocessing subsystem has file structures unique to their environment.For example, IMS transactions access data stored in IMS databases andCICS transactions access data stored in VSAM data sets. For variousreasons, the majority of data is stored in IMS databases. Generally,applications and transactions running outside of the subsystems couldnot access the data stored within the subsystem.

To allow outside access to subsystems, IBM first introduced an interfaceallowing CICS transactions to have high-speed access to IMS databases.The interface allows CICS to access IMS databases while the databasesare available for online IMS transaction processing. This interface isknown as the IMS Database Resource Adapter or DRA. DRA requires CICSsystems to connect to a separate IMS system running on the same systemor logical partition (LPAR) as the CICS system. Each LPAR is, inpractice, equivalent to a separate mainframe. Thus, for an instance ofCICS to have access to an IMS database, IMS must be running on the samesystem as the instance of CICS. This results in multiple installationsof IMS systems at a customer site, for example on multiple LPARs withina sysplex. The costs that result from the multiple installations can beprohibitive, leaving some customers without the ability to integrateCICS transactions with IMS databases. While IBM has introduced otherinterfaces that allow programs to have access to remote IMS databases,such interfaces require a change to the business application sourcecode. Many legacy business application programs still use the DL/Iinterface.

SUMMARY

Systems and methods are provided that allow business applicationprograms using documented IMS database access interfaces (e.g., DataLanguage Interface (DL/I), Open Database Access (ODBA), DatabaseResource Adaptor (DRA), etc.) and running on IBM zSeries platforms toaccess IMS database data not locally available. The IMS database datamay be accessible from IMS systems on remote logical partitions andremote zSeries mainframes anywhere in the world; using anytelecommunication technology that has been implemented to allowcommunication between the different locations. Remote communication canbe implemented, for example, via TCP/IP, VTAM/SNA, Cross-System CouplingFacility (XCF) messaging or any other, as yet undefined,telecommunication technology. Implementations provide such remote accesswithout changes to the business application programs or the IMS systems.

In one general aspect, a mainframe computing system includes at leastone general processor, a client program executing on the mainframecomputing system, the client program configured to make an IMS requestusing a documented IMS database request format, and a redirectsubsystem. The redirect subsystem may be configured to intercept andnormalize the IMS request and to select a destination mainframecomputing system to respond to the request. The selection may be basedon a map that associates remote IMS systems with corresponding mainframecomputing systems. The redirect subsystem may also be configured toschedule a communication request directed to the destination mainframecomputing system. The request may include the normalized IMS request.The redirect subsystem may further be configured to receive a normalizedresponse from the destination mainframe computing system, to convert thenormalized response into a documented IMS database response format, andto provide the converted response to the client program.

Implementations of the mainframe computing system may include one ormore of the following features. For example, the mainframe computingsystem may also include at least one zIIP processor and the redirectsubsystem may be further configured to perform at least one of itsoperations using a zIIP eligible service request block. In someimplementations, the redirect subsystem may be configured to normalizethe IMS request using a zIIP eligible service request block and toresume the zIIP eligible service request block to convert the normalizedresponse into the documented IMS database format. In someimplementations the mainframe computing system and the destinationmainframe computing system may be different logical partitions of asysplex. In some implementations the IMS request may specify a first IMSsystem and the response from the destination mainframe computing systemmay be from a second IMS system that differs from the first IMS system.In some implementations, the client program is a CICS subsystem and afirst CICS transaction may specify a different IMS system than a secondCICS transaction. In some implementations, the client program is a batchapplication and intercepting the IMS request includes intercepting anattach request made by the operating system of the mainframe computingsystem to instantiate the batch application. In some implementations,the normalized IMS request uses a Database Resource Adaptor connectionformat.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method includes interceptingan IMS request from a client program executing on a source mainframesystem, the request having a documented IMS request format, andselecting a destination mainframe system to respond to the request. Theselection of the destination mainframe may be based on an IMS systemidentified in the request and on a map that associates remote IMSsystems with corresponding mainframe systems. The method may alsoinclude sending a buffer including information from the request from thesource mainframe system to the destination mainframe system andestablishing, at the destination mainframe system, an IMS DatabaseResource Adapter (DRA) connection with the IMS system identified in therequest. The method may also include receiving a response from the IMSsystem, sending a buffer having information from the response from thedestination mainframe system to the source mainframe system, andproviding the information to the client program in a documented IMSresponse format.

Implementations may include one or more additional features. Forexample, the method may also include determining, at the destinationmainframe system, that the IMS system identified in the request cannotprocess the request and establishing, at the destination mainframesystem, an IMS DRA connection with another IMS system that is in a datasharing group with the IMS system identified in the request. In someimplementations, the client program may be CICS and intercepting the IMSrequest includes modifying CICS libraries to redirect the IMS requestfrom a DRA associated process to a redirect server on the sourcemainframe system. As another example, the source mainframe may lack IMSexecutable code.

In another aspect, a destination mainframe system includes at least onegeneral processor, an IMS subsystem including IMS executable code, and aredirect subsystem. The redirect subsystem may be configured to notify asource mainframe system of the existence of the IMS subsystem on thedestination mainframe, where the source mainframe lacks IMS executablecode. The redirect subsystem may also be configured to receive a firstbuffer from the source mainframe system, the first buffer includinginformation from an IMS request that identifies the IMS subsystem in anormalized format and convert the information to an IMS DatabaseResource Adapter (DRA) format. The redirect subsystem may further beconfigured to queue the information from the first buffer to an IMSconnection task for the IMS subsystem, receive a response from the IMSsubsystem in the DRA format, and generate a second buffer havinginformation from the response in the normalized format. The redirectsubsystem may also be configured to send the second buffer to the sourcemainframe system.

In some implementations, the destination mainframe system may alsoinclude at least one lower cost processor and the redirect subsystem maybe configured to perform at least some of the operations using a servicerequest block eligible to run on the lower cost processor. In otherimplementations, the destination mainframe system may include a datasharing group, and the IMS subsystem may be one of a plurality of IMSsubsystems in the data sharing group. In such an implementation, theredirect subsystem may be further configured to determine that the IMSsubsystem is unavailable and queue the second buffer to an IMSconnection task with another IMS subsystem from the plurality of IMSsubsystems. Thus, the response may be received from the another IMSsubsystem. In some implementations, the normalized format is a DRAconnection format and converting the information includes adjustingpointers in the first buffer.

In one general aspect, a computer program product being tangiblyembodied on a computer-readable storage device stores instructions that,when executed by at least one processor causes a computer system toperform any of the disclosed methods.

One or more of the implementations of the subject matter describedherein can be implemented so as to realize one or more of the followingadvantages. As one example, a redirection system eliminates thetechnical requirement of having an IMS system or IMS executable codepresent on the same system, for example a Logical Partition (LPAR), asthe client application programs, such as CICS or batch programs.Moreover, the redirection system allows client application programs toconnect with remote IMS systems without system or application programchanges. This allows legacy programs that are difficult or impossible tomodify to connect to remote IMS systems. Because the redirection systemdoes not require IMS to be installed on the same system as CICS, acustomer can reduce the number of LPARs with IMS executable code withina sysplex. The reduction in the number of LPARs with IMS executable codesimplifies IMS software maintenance strategies and reduces licensecharges for the customer. This has the effect of lowering customer costsin terms of both people and software. While the implementation of theredirection system may result in longer data access paths, which mayincrease transaction processing times, the increase is inconsequentialbecause mainframes can now execute billions of instructions per secondand data transmission speeds have increased from 300 bps (bits persecond) to 45 Mbps (Megabits per second) and more.

As another example, the redirection system also provides redundancy notcurrently available to client programs, such as CICS subsystems. Forexample, if a client program requests data from an IMS system in a datasharing group that is not responding, the redirection system may selectanother IMS system from the data sharing group to process the request.The details of one or more implementations are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will beapparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary IBM mainframewith remote IMS access, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating example modules within the IMSredirect subsystems of the mainframes of FIG. 1, in accordance with someimplementations.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a client-side process for accessing aremote IMS database, according to an implementation.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a server-side process for respondingto a client-side request for remote access to an IMS database, accordingto an implementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed implementations replace the current IMS access interface witha redirection subsystem that initiates remote IMS services and providesa communication link for IMS database requests. The redirectionsubsystem can be used with other mainframe subsystems, such as CICS,with batch business application programs, such as BMP, DLI, DBB, etc.,or with other processes that use a documented IMS database accessinterface, such as the Data Language Interface (DL/I), Open DatabaseAccess (ODBA) interface, DRA interface, etc. The processes that use theIMS access interface are considered client programs. The redirectionsubsystem uses the documented IMS database access interface to provide atransparent request/response mechanism for the client programs. In otherwords, the requesting client program does not know the IMS subsystem itreceives data from is remote, and the IMS subsystem responding to therequest does not know that the request came from a different LPAR or adifferent mainframe. As discussed above, this allows fewer installationsof IMS and redundancy without changes to the client programs themselves.This can be especially important for allowing legacy applicationprograms, for which source code can be unavailable or undesirable tomodify, to take advantage of lower operating costs and fewer outages.

FIG. 1 illustrates a high level block diagram of an exemplary IBMmainframe with remote IMS access. FIG. 1 illustrates two mainframecomputing systems 100 and 150. Mainframe computers are large,multi-processor computing devices able to perform thousands of tasksevery second. Because of their large size and processing power, usage ofprocessing time is often tracked and customers are billed based on theirprocessor usage. In some implementations system 100 and system 150 aretwo LPARs in a sysplex. An LPAR is a logical segmentation of amainframe's memory and other resources that allows it to run its owncopy of an operating system and associated applications, making theLPAR, in practice, equivalent to a separate mainframe. Accordingly,processing may be billed separately for each LPAR, depending on itsconfiguration. LPARs may be enabled via special hardware circuits orpurely through software. A system administrator can assign one or moresystem processors for the exclusive use of an LPAR. Alternately, theadministrator can allow all processors to be used on some or all LPARs.LPAR's may also allow multiple system images (of the same operatingsystem or different operating systems) to run in one machine.Furthermore, each LPAR can execute one or more subsystems within anoperating system. A sysplex is a collection of LPARs that cooperate toprocess work. LPARs in a sysplex can communicate with each other withouta CICS control region using Cross-system Coupling Facility (“XCF”)communications. In some implementations system 100 and system 150 may bemainframes that are physically and logically distinct from and/orgeographically separated from one another. Although shown in FIG. 1 asIBM zSeries® mainframes, implementations are not so limited (zSeries isa registered trademark of the IBM Corporation.). Thus, although referredto as mainframe computing system 100 and mainframe computing system 150,it is to be understood that mainframe computing system 100 and mainframecomputing system 150 may be logical partitions of a single physicalmainframe computer.

The mainframe computing systems 100 and 150 can include one or moreprocessors configured to execute one or more machine executableinstructions or pieces of software, firmware, or a combination thereof.In some implementations, the processor frame, such as frame 110 and 160,may include a plurality of General Processors (GPs) (112 and 162) and aplurality of zSeries Integrated Information Processors (zIIPs) (115 and165). The operating system, such as operating system 122 or 172, may runall workloads on the GPs but may only run certain workloads on thezIIPs. The general processor has a run-time cost associated with theamount of workload it performs. Workload and capacity of mainframesystems is generally measured in MIPS (Millions of Instructions PerSecond). Based on the amount of capacity purchased or licensed by acustomer, the capacity of the GP may be “throttled down” such that it isnot running at the top of its technically available processingcapability. A zSeries mainframe may also include one or more zSeriesIntegrated Information Processors (zIIPs). The zIIPs are intended tooffload work from the general processors of the mainframe computersystem. Workloads running on a zIIP processor generally run either forfree or at a fraction of the price of the GP. These processors generallydo not contain microcode or hardware features that accelerate theirdesignated workload. In other words, a zIIP is typically configured torun at its full speed because the pricing structure does not directlydepend on the throughput of this type of processor. Thus, a zIIP isfinancially different from a GP because unlike workloads performed bythe GP, the zIIP permits increasing system capacity for targetedworkloads without raising software license fees. Thus, a zIIP may beconsidered a lower-cost processor. However, only workloads defined byIBM as zIIP-eligible can execute on a zIIP. Generally, workloadsscheduled using a zIIP eligible service request block (SRB) areconsidered zIIP eligible.

The mainframe computing systems 100 and 150 may also include one or morecomputer readable storage devices, such as devices 120 and 170. Thecomputer readable storage devices may include main memory, cache, ordisk storage, configured to store data and/or applications, eithertemporarily, permanently, semi-permanently, or a combination thereof.The storage devices may include volatile memory, non-volatile memory, ora combination thereof. The mainframe computing systems 100 and 150 caninclude an operating system, such as operating system 122 and operatingsystem 172. The operating system can be the z/OS operating system orsome other mainframe operating system. The mainframe computing system100 may include one or more client programs 124. Client programs 124 mayinclude any code written to execute on the mainframe computing system100. For example, client programs 124 may include mainframe subsystems,such as CICS and Resource Access Control Facility (RACF),vendor-supplied business application programs, and proprietary programs.

The mainframe computing system 100 may also include a redirect requesthandler 126 and a redirect server 128, which together comprise aredirection subsystem. The redirect request handler 126 may intercept anIMS request made by a client program, such as CICS or a business batchapplication. The client program may set up the IMS request as if using adocumented IMS database access interface, such as the DRA or ODBAinterface, and may have no indication that the request will be handledby the redirect request handler 126 rather than the programmed accessinterface. The redirect request handler 126 may receive the request andschedule a zIIP eligible service request block (SRB) that allows theredirect server 128 to normalize the data from the request, determinewhere to send the request, and to initiate transport of the request tothe determined server, as will be explained in more detail below.Redirect server 128 may be configured as a client-side server thatforwards requests to a server-side redirect server and processes aresponse received from the server-side redirect server.

The mainframe computing system 150 may include a redirect server 178.The redirect server 178 may be configured as a server-side redirectserver that receives an IMS request from a client-side redirect server,selects an IMS system to process the request, to set up the environmentfor IMS to receive, process, and respond to the request, and to send theresponse from the IMS system back to the client-side redirect server. Insome implementations, redirect server 128 and redirect server 178 may beconfigured to serve as both a client-side and a server-side redirectserver. In other words, redirect server 128 may also be configured toact as redirect server 178, and redirect server 178 may be configured toact as redirect server 128. Mainframe computing system 150 may alsoinclude one or more IMS systems 174. In some implementations, the IMSsystem 174 may be part of an IMS data sharing group that has access tothe same set of IMS databases.

In some implementations, the mainframe computing system 100 andmainframe computing system 150 may also include a channel unit, such aschannel unit 130 and channel unit 180, for processing Input/Output (I/O)requests. The channel unit may include a communications link 140, whichmay be a telecommunications link, a network interface, a communicationbus, or some other communication link. For example, mainframe computingsystem 100 and mainframe computing system 150 may communicate with eachother using XCF, TCP/IP, SNA, or other communication protocols overcommunications link 140. The channel unit may also include a tapestorage unit 184 and/or a disk storage device 132 sometimes referred toas a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD). In some implementations,mainframe computing system 100 may include one or more other hardwarecomponents not shown in FIG. 1, such as for example, a display ormonitor, a keyboard, a touchscreen, a camera, a mouse, a touchpad, atrackpad, a video processor, etc., through which a user may send data toand receive data from mainframe computing system 100 or mainframecomputing system 150. In some implementations, the user may use a secondcomputing device (not shown) in communication with mainframe computingsystem 100 via a communications network to send data to and receive datafrom mainframe computing system 100. The user may also communicate withmainframe computing system 150 in a similar manner.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates example modules within theIMS redirection subsystems of the mainframes of FIG. 1, in accordancewith some implementations. In the example of FIG. 2, the client programs124 of FIG. 1 include CICS 205 and batch business application 210. Eachclient program may initiate one or more IMS database requests, which arehandled by the redirect request handler 126 instead of a documented IMSdatabase access interface. For example, a mainframe administrator mayconcatenate a library for redirect request handler 126 to the IMSlibrary in the CICS region of mainframe computing system 100. Theconcatenation may cause system 100 to configure CICS 205 to use theredirect request handler 126 instead of the documented IMS databaseaccess interface, such as a DRA interface, to handle IMS databaserequests.

When the batch business application 210 executes, it may use an attachinterface to attempt to attach to IMS. For example, to executeoperations on mainframe computing system 100, the operating system mayissue an ATTACH or an ATTACHX request to instantiate a computer program,such as batch business application 210. ATTACH is a documented z/OSservice that creates the control blocks needed to schedule the operationfor execution on a processor and, therefore, may be considered a controlblock creation process. ATTACHX provides the same function as ATTACH butcan execute in more varied operating system states. Thus, for thepurposes of implementations any reference to the ATTACH service alsorefers to the ATTACHX service. The redirect request handler 126 mayintercept the attach request and cause the batch business application210 to attach to the redirect request handler 126 rather than the DRAinterface, for example. In either situation, the redirection of the IMSrequest to the redirect request handler 126 may be transparent to theclient program.

In setting up the environment to connect to IMS, IBM has utilized somespecific parameters. For example, each request can include a ParticipantAdapter Parameter List or PAPL. The PAPL is a type of control block thatcontains information for accessing IMS database data and is documentedby IBM. A control block, or just block, is a memory structure thatstores data about a specific entity and may have addresses, or pointers,to still other blocks. For example, the PAPL for a CICS client programincludes information that ties the IMS database access request to atransaction in the CICS environment. Because CICS is a multi-transactionenvironment, CICS can initiate multiple requests in parallel. The PAPLenables CICS to determine which request a particular response belongsto. The IMS request may also contain a Segment Search Argument, or SSA.The SSA is a data block that identifies an IMS database segment toaccess. The IMS request may also include an input-output area forreceiving the data from IMS. Although each of these elements isgenerally present in an IMS request from any client program, each clientmay arrange the elements in a different format.

Once the redirect request handler 126 receives an IMS request, it mayschedule a zIIP eligible SRB that invokes the redirect server 128.Running the tasks of the redirect server 128 on a zIIP processor savescost, as explained above. Creating the SRB as zIIP eligible does notguarantee that the tasks run on a zIIP processor rather than a GPprocessor, but makes it possible to do so. The redirect server 128 mayinclude an interface normalizer 220 that takes the IMS request from theclient program and normalizes the data in the request so that all datacommunicated between client-side and server-side redirect servers havethe same format, regardless of the format used by the client program. Asmentioned above, the normalization process may be scheduled using a zIIPeligible SRB to keep processing costs down. The redirect server 128 mayalso include a redirect map 225. The redirect map 225 may enableredirect server 128 to determine the destination system for the request.The destination system is the mainframe computing environment that isrunning the IMS segment requested by the client program. Each redirectserver may notify the other redirect servers about the IMS environmentsthat it services. For example, redirect server 178 may inform redirectserver 128 that it has access to a number of IMS environments includingIMS 174 a and a data sharing group 250 that includes n IMS systems,namely IMS 174 b to IMS 174 n. When redirect server 128 receives thisinformation it may create or update redirect map 225, so that it knowsthat client programs requesting access to, for example, IMS system 174 ashould be directed to mainframe computing system 150. If redirect server128 has access to any IMS systems, it may also report these systems to,for example, redirect server 178 and redirect server 178 would storethis information in redirect map 275.

When redirect server 128 determines where to send the normalizedrequest, it may send the request to the destination system using anynumber of communication protocols. For example, if mainframe computingsystem 100 and mainframe computing system 150 are LPARs within the samesysplex, the redirect server 128 may send the request using XCF, whichis a high-speed communications protocol for LPARs within a sysplex. Ifmainframe computing system 100 and mainframe computing system 150 aregeographically remote, redirect server 128 may send the request usingTCP/IP or Systems Network Architecture (SNA) protocols.

When redirect server 178 receives a request, it may de-normalize therequest and place the request on an IMS queue. For example, redirectserver 178 may include interface normalizer 270, which may take thebuffer 230 received from redirect server 128 and place the normalizeddata into a format expected by a DRA connection interface. In someimplementations the normalized data may be in a DRA connection format,and interface normalizer 270 may only need to adjust some pointers aspart of the de-normalization. The redirect server 178 may also includean IMS interface 273 that creates the Coordinator Controller, or CCTL,needed to access an IMS system. The CCTL is an address space responsiblefor establishing an IMS DRA connection. Each IMS subsystem may have itsown version of the DRA, as illustrated in FIG. 2 by items 260 a and 260b to 260 n. Although shown in FIG. 2 as a DRA connection, this is oneexample of an IMS connection and implementations may include otherexisting or newly created connection interfaces. The IMS interface 273may determine which of the IMS subsystems to invoke and may create theCCTL using the de-normalized request and place the request on theappropriate IMS queue using an IMS connection task. In other words, theredirect server 178 may use the DRA interface to establish the IMSconnection. This ensures that no changes are needed in the IMS system tomake the IMS system available remotely. Once on the IMS queue, the IMSsystem may process the request and send back a response through theappropriate DRA interface. The response may include the data requestedand, optionally, other information such as statistics or statusinformation. The DRA may pass the response back to the IMS interface273. The IMS interface 273 may schedule a zIIP eligible SRB to constructthe response buffer, which includes normalizing the response, and maysend the response buffer back to the requesting system. The responsebuffer may be communicated back to the requesting system using thecommunication protocol used to receive the request.

When the redirect server 128 of mainframe computing system 100 receivesthe response, the redirect server 128 may resume the zIIP eligible SRBthat was used to send the request. Upon resumption, the redirect server128 may de-normalize the data and reconstruct the response areas,placing the response into a format expected by the client program. Theredirect server 128 may pass the de-normalized response area back to theredirect request handler 126, which provides the response to the clientprogram.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a client-side method 300 for accessing a remoteIMS database, according to an implementation. In one implementation,process 300 may be invoked by a client program running on a zSeries®mainframe, such as mainframe computing system 100 shown in FIG. 1. Insome implementations, process 300 may be performed by a client-sideredirection subsystem, such as redirect request handler 126 and redirectserver 128 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The client program may be a program from amainframe subsystem such as CICS or a batch business application, orsome other process that uses any documented IMS database request format,to access IMS database data. Examples of documented IMS database requestformats include, but are not limited to, DRA, DL/I, and ODBA.

At 305, the redirect request handler 126 may intercept an IMS requestmade by the client program. For example, if the client program is abatch process, the redirect request handler 126 may intercept an IMSattach request. As another example, a database administrator mayconfigure the client program environment, such as CICS, to redirect anIMS request otherwise sent to a documented IMS request interface, suchas the DRA interface, to the redirect request handler. Thisconfiguration may be done, for example, as a CICS install or update.Other subsystems may be configured in a similar manner. The IMS requestmay include parameters that identify the IMS system to which the requestis directed. In some implementations, the redirect request handler 126may schedule a zIIP eligible SRB that invokes the redirect server. Theredirect server may normalize the request parameters, creating a requestbuffer to send to a destination system (310). Normalization may allowthe request buffer to be transmitted in a contiguous data structure toexpedite transmission of the data. The redirect server may determine adestination system based on a mapping of IMS systems to computingsystems (315). For example, a redirect server running on a particularmainframe may report the IMS systems that are running on the sameparticular mainframe to other redirect servers. Each redirect serverthat receives this information may create a mapping that allows theredirect server to determine which system has the IMS system identifiedin the request. The redirect server may then schedule a communicationrequest, which causes the normalized buffer to be sent to thedestination system (320). Once the request is scheduled, in someimplementations, the SRB associated with the request may be paused sothat it can be resumed when the response is received. The redirectserver may then wait for the response (325).

When the destination system returns the response, the redirect servermay receive the return buffer (330). The return buffer may include thedata from the IMS system and, in some implementations, other data suchas statistics relating to the response or a program communication block(PCB) that communicates the status of the request. In someimplementations, the SRB used to send the request may be resumed tohandle the processing of the response. At 335 the redirect server mayde-normalize the IMS data in the return buffer, placing the data in adocumented IMS response format expected by the client program thatinitiated the request. For example, IMS requests for CICS transactionsmay differ in format from IMS requests made from batch applications.Furthermore, each IMS batch program, for example BMP, DLI, DBB, JBP,IFP, etc., may have a format that differs from each other. Thus, theredirect server may format the normalized request it received into aformat corresponding to the client program that issued the request. Asexplained above, the task that performs the data manipulation ofde-normalization may use a zIIP eligible SRB. The redirect server maypass the de-normalized data to the redirect request handler, whichprovides the response to the client program that initiated the request(340). The response may be in a format used by the IMS request/responseinterface, so that the client program is not aware that the request wasintercepted by the redirect request system. Thus, the redirect requesthandler and redirect server allow remote access to IMS data withoutchanges to the underlying requesting programs.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a server-side process 400 forresponding to a client-side request for remote access to an IMSdatabase, according to an implementation. A redirect server running on amainframe with an IMS system, such as redirect server 178 of FIGS. 1 and2 may perform process 400 after receiving an IMS request from aclient-side (or requesting) redirect server. At 405 the redirect servermay receive a normalized IMS request from a source system. The sourcesystem may be a mainframe system running a client program, such as abatch process or a CICS transaction, that requests access to an IMSsystem. The source system is remote from the system running the IMSsystem. For example, the source system may be an LPAR different than theLPAR running the IMS system, or the source system may be a differentmainframe than the mainframe running the IMS system. The redirect servermay place the de-normalized request on the IMS connection task queue(410). For example, the redirect server may act as a CoordinatorController (CCTL) to establish an IMS DRA connection with the IMS systemrequested. In some implementations, the redirect server may select adifferent IMS system than the specific IMS system requested. Forexample, the requested IMS system may be part of a data sharing group.In this circumstance, if the requested IMS system is unavailable, theredirect server may substitute another IMS system from the data sharinggroup to process the request. This allows for redundancy not currentlyavailable to applications connecting to IMS systems directly throughDRA. Furthermore, the redirection system of client-side and server-sideredirect servers allows different transactions within a single CICSapplication to connect to different IMS systems. Each transaction mayspecify a different IMS system in making the IMS request. This abilityis also not available under current IMS access methods.

When the IMS request is placed on the IMS queue, in someimplementations, the redirect server may de-normalize the request into aformat used by the IMS connection interface, such as a DRA interface(415). For example, in some implementations the normalized data may be aDRA connection format and the redirect server may only need to changepointers in the normalized data to send the request to IMS. In otherimplementations, the redirect server may reformat the data of thenormalized request into an IMS connection format, such as the DRAconnection format, before sending the request to the selected IMSsystem. The DRA then functions as it currently does, sending the requestto the IMS system and waiting for a response (420). When the IMS systemhas completed its processing, the IMS system sends the response back tothe redirect server via the DRA. Thus, the redirect server receives theresponse from the IMS system (425). The response may include data fromthe IMS system as well as other information, such as statistics relevantto the request. The redirect server may then normalize the response(430). In some implementations, this may involve adjusting pointers andin some implementations this may also involve rearranging the data inthe response. In some implementations, the normalization tasks may beperformed using a zIIP eligible SRB. The redirection server may thenschedule a communication request that sends the normalized data in thebuffer to the source system (435). Process 400 then ends.

Implementations of the various techniques described herein may beimplemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware,firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Implementations mayimplemented as a computer program product, i.e., a computer programtangibly embodied in an machine-readable storage device (e.g., atangible computer-readable medium that does not include a propagatingsignal), for processing by, or to control the operation of, dataprocessing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, ormultiple computers. In some implementations, a tangiblecomputer-readable storage medium can be configured to store instructionsthat when executed cause a processor to perform a process. A computerprogram, such as the computer program(s) described above, can be writtenin any form of programming language, including compiled or interpretedlanguages, and can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-aloneprogram or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitablefor use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployedto be processed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site ordistributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communicationsnetwork.

Method steps may be performed by one or more programmable processorsexecuting a computer program to perform functions by operating on inputdata and generating output. Method steps also may be performed by, andan apparatus may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry,e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC(application-specific integrated circuit).

Processors suitable for the processing of a computer program include, byway of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, andany one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, aprocessor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory ora random access memory or both. Elements of a computer may include atleast one processor for executing instructions and one or more memorydevices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer alsomay include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transferdata to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data,e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. Informationcarriers, such as a storage device, suitable for embodying computerprogram instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory,including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM,EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal harddisks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROMdisks but do not include transitory propagating signals. The processorand the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in specialpurpose logic circuitry.

To provide for interaction with a user, implementations may beimplemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a cathode raytube (CRT), a light emitting diode (LED), or liquid crystal display(LCD) display device, for displaying information to the user and akeyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by whichthe user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices canbe used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example,feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g.,visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input fromthe user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, ortactile input.

Implementations may be implemented in a computing system that includes aback-end component, e.g., as a mainframe or data server, or thatincludes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or thatincludes a front-end component, e.g., a client computer having agraphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user caninteract with an implementation, or any combination of such back-end,middleware, or front-end components. Components may be interconnected byany form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communicationnetwork. Examples of communication networks include a local area network(LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), e.g., the Internet.

While certain features of the described implementations have beenillustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions,changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. Itis, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended tocover all such modifications and changes as fall within the scope of theimplementations. It should be understood that they have been presentedby way of example only, not limitation, and various changes in form anddetails may be made. Any portion of the apparatus and/or methodsdescribed herein may be combined in any combination, except mutuallyexclusive combinations. The implementations described herein can includevarious combinations and/or sub-combinations of the functions,components and/or features of the different implementations described.

What is claimed is:
 1. A source mainframe computing system comprising:at least one general processor; at least one lower-cost processor; aclient program executing on the source mainframe computing system, theclient program configured to make an IMS database request using adocumented IMS database request format; and a redirect subsystemconfigured to perform operations comprising: intercepting the IMSdatabase request, normalizing the IMS database request using alower-cost processor eligible service request block, selecting adestination mainframe computing system to respond to the request, theselection being based on a map that associates remote IMS databasesubsystems with corresponding destination mainframe computing systems,scheduling a communication request directed to the destination mainframecomputing system, the request including the normalized IMS databaserequest, receiving a normalized response from the destination mainframecomputing system, resuming the lower-cost processor eligible servicerequest block to convert the normalized response into a documented IMSdatabase response format, and providing the converted response to theclient program.
 2. The mainframe computing system of claim 1, whereinthe mainframe computing system is a first logical partition of a sysplexand the destination mainframe computing system is a second logicalpartition of the sysplex.
 3. The mainframe computing system of claim 1,wherein the IMS database request specifies a first IMS databasesubsystem and the response from the destination mainframe computingsystem is from a second IMS database subsystem, the first IMS databasesubsystem differing from the second IMS database subsystem.
 4. Themainframe computing system of claim 1, wherein the client programoriginates from a CICS transaction processing subsystem.
 5. Themainframe computing system of claim 4, wherein the IMS database requestis made by a first CICS transaction processing subsystem transactionspecifying a first IMS database subsystem, and wherein the redirectsubsystem performs the intercepting, normalizing, selecting, scheduling,receiving, converting, and providing for a second IMS database requestmade by a second CICS transaction processing subsystem transaction thatspecifies a second IMS database subsystem, the first IMS databasesubsystem differing from the second IMS database subsystem.
 6. Themainframe computing system of claim 1, wherein the client programoriginates from a batch application.
 7. The mainframe computing systemof claim 6, wherein intercepting the IMS database request includesintercepting an attach request made by an operating system toinstantiate the batch application.
 8. The mainframe computing system ofclaim 1, wherein the normalized IMS database request uses a DatabaseResource Adaptor (DRA) connection format.
 9. A computer-implementedmethod comprising: intercepting, at a source mainframe system, an IMSdatabase request from a client program executing on the source mainframesystem, the request having a documented IMS database request format;selecting a destination mainframe system to respond to the request, theselection being based on an IMS database subsystem identified in therequest and on a map that associates remote IMS database subsystems withcorresponding destination mainframe systems; normalizing the IMSdatabase request using a lower-cost processor eligible service requestblock, sending a buffer including the normalized request from the sourcemainframe system to the destination mainframe system; establishing, atthe destination mainframe system, an IMS Database Resource Adapter (DRA)connection with the IMS database subsystem identified in the request;receiving a response from the IMS database subsystem; normalizing theresponse; sending a buffer having the normalized response from thedestination mainframe system to the source mainframe system; resumingthe lower-cost processor eligible service request block to convert thenormalized response into a format appropriate for the documented IMSdatabase request format; and providing, at the source mainframe system,the converted response to the client program in a documented IMSdatabase response format.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the methodfurther comprises: determining, at the destination mainframe system,that the IMS database subsystem identified in the request cannot processthe request; and establishing, at the destination mainframe system, anIMS DRA connection with another IMS database subsystem that is in a datasharing group with the IMS database subsystem identified in the request.11. The method of claim 9, wherein the source mainframe system is afirst logical partition (LPAR) of a sysplex and the destinationmainframe system is a second LPAR of the sysplex.
 12. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the client program is a CICS transaction processingsubsystem.
 13. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:intercepting a second IMS database request from the CICS transactionprocessing subsystem, the request identifying a second IMS databasesubsystem that differs from the first IMS database subsystem; selectinga second destination mainframe system to respond to the second IMSdatabase request; sending a buffer including information from the secondrequest from the source mainframe to the second destination mainframe;receiving a buffer having information from a second response from thesecond destination mainframe; and providing the information from thesecond response to the CICS transaction processing subsystem.
 14. Themethod of claim 12, wherein intercepting the IMS request includesmodifying CICS transaction processing subsystem libraries to redirectthe IMS database request from a DRA associated process to a redirectserver on the source mainframe system.
 15. The method of claim 9,wherein the source mainframe system lacks IMS database executable code.16. A destination mainframe system comprising: at least one generalprocessor; at least one lower-cost processor; an IMS database subsystemincluding IMS database executable code; and a redirect subsystemconfigured to perform operations comprising: notifying a sourcemainframe system of the existence of the IMS database subsystem on thedestination mainframe, the source mainframe lacking IMS databaseexecutable code, receiving a first buffer from the source mainframesystem, the first buffer including information from an IMS databaserequest that identifies the IMS database subsystem in a normalizedformat, converting the information to an IMS Database Resource Adapter(DRA) format, queuing the information from the first buffer to an IMSdatabase connection task for the IMS database subsystem, receiving aresponse from the IMS database subsystem in the DRA format, generating asecond buffer having information from the response in the normalizedformat, and sending the second buffer to the source mainframe system,wherein the redirect subsystem is configured to perform at leastgenerating the second buffer using a service request block eligible torun on the lower cost processor.
 17. The mainframe system of claim 16further comprising a data sharing group, wherein the IMS subsystem isone of a plurality of IMS database subsystems in the data sharing group,and wherein the redirect subsystem is further configured to: determinethat the IMS database subsystem is unavailable; and queue the secondbuffer to an IMS database connection task with another IMS databasesubsystem from the plurality of IMS database subsystems, wherein theresponse is received from the another IMS database subsystem.
 18. Themainframe system of claim 16, wherein the source mainframe system is afirst logical partition (LPAR) of a sysplex and the destinationmainframe system is a second LPAR of the sysplex.
 19. The mainframesystem of claim 16, wherein the normalized format is a DRA connectionformat and converting the information includes adjusting pointers.